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The American College of Rheumatology says there are two criteria that must be present in order to diagnose FM. One is the "presence of widespread pain for at least three months that involves the upper and lower body, the left and right side, and the axial skeleton." The axial skeleton consists of the 80 bones that comprise the head, neck and trunk providing structural support for the body. It also serves to protect the heart and lungs.
The second criteria the American College of Rheumatology set is the "presence of widespread tender points at 11 of 18 defined sites." The tender points that they refer to are localized painful areas in a muscle, muscle/tendon junction, fat pad or region of the bursa.
Tender points that a doctor will look for are located around the shoulders and elbows, the outsides of the hips, the inside of the knees, areas near the buttocks and the back muscles along the vertebrae and the back of the head.
Pain varies from individual to individual and can range from a deep muscle ache to a burning, throbbing, shooting or stabbing sensation. Symptoms are also unpredictable as they may persist for years or may go away for periods of time, only to recur at some point.
A diagnosis is difficult to make so the doctor may take many tests to rule out other diseases. There are no definitive tests to diagnose FM which is why the American College of Rheumatology came up with the above criteria to help doctors make a diagnosis.
Treating this condition can also be tricky. There is no cure for this condition so the treatment has to be focused on reducing symptoms. Treatment generally consists of exercise, establishing a regular sleep routine, meditation and relaxation techniques and medicine such as anti-inflammatories, antidepressants or anti-anxiety medicine.
Exercise is crucial to reducing symptoms because it helps to ease sore muscles and helps the Range of Motion (ROM) for the joints. Consistency with exercise is important but may not be advised when FM is in an acute stage. At this time, the exercise program may be reduced or perhaps cancelled until the flare up subsides.
Exercise should become part of a permanent lifestyle change because it will help to promote health and wellness. Of course, get your doctor's permission and then get a professional - who is familiar with the condition - to devise an appropriate exercise program for you.
Fitness Corner columnist Jann Brewer and her husband, Bert, are co-owners of the Marco Fitness Club. They are both ACE and AIFE certified personal trainers. You may contact her at jannbrew@aol.com.
